During the severe depression of the 1930s, the Social Democrats (1932) came to power and, barring an interruption in 1936, led the country until 1976, creating a welfare state admired all over the world. But the excessive taxation of the government, due to the need to finance expensive public services, led in 1976 to the… Read More »
According to physicscat, the intervention of France on the side of Sweden was of immense help and at the end of the Thirty Years’ War, in the peace signed with the Empire in Osnabrück (1648), she obtained the island of Rügen, the anterior Pomerania and the duchy of Bremen thus dominating the mouth of the… Read More »
The Sami have roamed Lapland as reindeer nomads since prehistoric times. The rock carvings of Tanum are depictions of hunting, everyday life and the myths of the Bronze Age. Runic writing was in use from the 2nd century AD up to the Middle Ages, and many stone inscriptions have survived. From Sweden from the 9th… Read More »
Policy change and new challenges The Reichstag elections on September 17, 2006 were won by the bourgeois “Alliance for Sweden” (a total of 48.2% of the votes, 178 seats) under the leadership of F. Reinfeldt (moderate rallying party), who was elected Prime Minister on October 5, 2006 and a four-party government (Moderate Rally Party, Center… Read More »
In the 1920s and 30s, economic, social and cultural-political problems came to the fore (school reform, 1927; »Labor Peace Laws«, 1928). The world economic crisis found its strongest expression in Sweden in the collapse of the Kreuger concern in 1932 (Ivar Kreuger ). When PA Hansson came to power (1932), the Swedish Social Democrats began… Read More »
In Livonia there was resistance to the confiscation of estranged Swedish crown estates, one of the reasons for the Second Northern War (1700-21). August II of Saxony-Poland believed that Livonia could easily be won. Tsar Peter I , the Great, sought Ingermanland, East Karelia and Narva, Denmark turned against the Swedish branch of the House… Read More »
Swedish monarchs Swedish queens and kings (order and dates are uncertain in the oldest period) Ynglings Bjorn the old man about 882-910 Olof Ring 910-940 Erich VII. Segersäll (= the victorious) about 970-995 Olaf III. Skotkonung (= king of the lap) about 995-1022 An and Jakob about 1022-1050 Emund about 1050-1060 Stenkil family Stenkil (Steinkjel)… Read More »
Viking Age and Empire Formation In Northern Europe glacial hunting and fishing cultures established already in the Stone Age. During the Iron Age, the south of what is now Sweden was densely populated with North Germanic ethnic groups. The united under the Stammeskönigtum the Ynglinge Svear, the oldest seats in Uppland and the Malaren layers… Read More »
On the threshold of the 20th century are the works of Wilhelm Peterson-Berger (* 1867, † 1942) with their songs inspired by Swedish folk music, the lyrical pieces for piano and his operas influenced by R. Wagner , including »Arnljot «(1909) assumed the status of a national opera. His generation includes: Wilhelm Stenhammar (* 1871,… Read More »
Swedish music, about the Swedish music from pre-Christian times (up to the 11th century) there are only inadequate sources from which the use of primitive rattles, flutes, horns and bronze lurs and from the 8th century also of lyres emerges. In addition, literary sources such as the Bósi saga provide information on musical practice in… Read More »
Until the conquest by Russia (1809) Finland was considered part of the Swedish Empire and the almost exclusively Swedish-language literature in Finland was considered an integral part of Swedish literature. It was not until the beginning of the 19th century that a remarkable written Finnish literature developed which, over the course of 150 years, pushed… Read More »
20th century Under the influence of H. Bergson’s philosophy, the final break with the aesthetics of neo-romanticism took place. The psychologically deepened portrayal of society determined prose in the second decade of the 20th century. Elin Wägner, S. Siwertz and Sven Lidman describe bourgeois life in their realistic novels. Both from a narrative point of… Read More »
Classicism King Gustav III , a tireless patron of the arts, wrote dramas and operas, and was instrumental in founding theaters and establishing the Swedish Academy (1786). The academy and its leading members, the poets J. G. Graf Oxenstierna, J. H. Kellgren, Carl August Ehrensvärd (* 1745, † 1800) and C. G. af Leopold, as… Read More »
According to historyaah, the Swedish literature includes works of literature in Swedish in Sweden and Finland. Written evidence from the era before Christianization (around 1100 AD) can only be found on the numerous Swedish rune stones. Poetic runic texts, picture stones and rock carvings show familiarity with the heroic saga and allow the conclusion that… Read More »
Architecture The first period of the century is determined by national romanticism and material realism. The Engelbrekts Church (1909–14) by Lars Israel Wahlman (* 1870, † 1952) and the town house (1911–23) on Mälaren by R. Östberg form an independent synthesis of local brick construction and international architecture. Evidence of international neoclassicism emerged after the… Read More »
Architecture During the period of freedom (Frihetstiden, 1718–72), local artists increasingly took the place of foreign artists. Hardly any other architect shaped the art of the period of freedom and the period that followed as much as C. Hårleman. With Svartsjö Castle in Uppland (from 1735), the first example of French-inspired Rococo, he laid the… Read More »
Architecture According to extrareference, the renaissance reached Sweden during the reign of Gustav I. Eriksson Wasa, but only developed under his successors Erich XIV. And Johann III. The main task of architecture was the erection of royal castles; Most active were immigrant artists (master builder family Parr, the Flame Hans Fleming, * around 1545, †… Read More »
Swedish art, term for art that has emerged since the Middle Ages, after the prehistoric and early historical epoch (Germanic art, Northern Europe). Architecture Most of the Swedish buildings of the Middle Ages were made of wood. Only sparse remains of this, but noteworthy in terms of art history, have survived (Hemse stave church, 11th… Read More »
Malmo Malmö, administrative seat of the Swedish administrative area (Län) Skåne and third largest city in the country, at the narrowest point of the sound in fertile Skåne, 301,700 residents, as a large municipality 157 km 2 and 328,500 residents; Numerous museums (including art gallery, art museum, natural history museum), theater, university (founded in 1998),… Read More »
According to ehistorylib, Stockholm, is the capital of Sweden, between Lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea, built on skerries, islands and peninsulas and the adjacent mainland, with (2018) 962 154 residents. Stockholm is home to Sweden’s most important cultural institutes: universities and colleges, academies, the Nobel Foundation, the Royal Library, museums, theaters and opera. Stockholm’s… Read More »
Stockholm, capital and residential city of Sweden, located at the outflow of Lake Mälaren into the Baltic Sea, on the skerries, islands and peninsulas and the adjacent mainland, (2017) 1.56 million residents, as a large municipality 187 km 2, 962 154 residents. Stockholm is the Evangelical Lutheran and Catholic bishopric and seat of the Nobel… Read More »
The castle, which was completed in the 17th century, is located on the island of Lovö in Lake Mälaren. The former summer residence is now the seat of the royal family. The palace theater is one of the best preserved baroque theaters in Europe. Drottningholm Palace: facts Official title: Drottningholm Royal Summer Palace Cultural monument:… Read More »
The villages on the island of Björkö in Lake Mälaren were important trading centers for the Vikings in the Middle Ages. Their economic relations extended to the Rhine, the British Isles, Byzantium and Persia. Viking settlements of Birka and Hovgården: facts Official title: Viking settlements of Birka and Hovgården Cultural monument: “Cradle of Sweden” and… Read More »
According to computergees, the Engelsberg ironworks, north-west of Stockholm, is closely connected to Sweden’s time as a great power. It was one of the most modern ironworks in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today the facility is an industrial museum that preserves the technical equipment of that time. Engelberg ironworks: facts Official title:… Read More »
Agricultural landscape of southern Öland (World Heritage) About a third of the area of Öland is a World Heritage Site, which honors the tradition and the agricultural use of the island, which is adapted to the special natural geographic framework. Numerous medieval row villages with their old courtyards and walls have been preserved to this… Read More »
In the Skagerrak area there are around 4,000 prehistoric rock carvings and carvings on the polished flat rocks. They come from the younger Bronze Age and give an insight into everyday life and religious ideas about 3000 years ago. Animals, ships and battle scenes are shown, among other things. Due to the uplift of the… Read More »
The Stockholm Forest Cemetery was laid out between 1917 and 1920 by architects Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz. In it, the natural landscape, park design and architecture merge. Skogskyrkogården cemetery near Stockholm: facts Official title: Skogskyrkogården (cemetery) near Stockholm Cultural monument: between 1917 and 1940 a forest cemetery was set up in 85 hectares (later… Read More »
The capital of the island of Gotland was the center of the Hanseatic League in the Baltic Sea from the 12th to the 14th centuries. Already in 1161 it received the trading privilege from Heinrich the Lion. The city center was listed as a historical monument as early as 1805. Granaries, merchants’ houses and monastery… Read More »
Gammelstad is the old center of the northern Swedish city of Luleå and the best preserved church village in Sweden. According to aristmarketing, over 400 wooden huts are grouped around the church, which was founded in the 13th century. They provided welcome overnight accommodation for the remotely resident parishioners when they came to Luleå for… Read More »
The natural heritage covers an area of 9,400 km² in northern Sweden. According to areacodesexplorer, it is one of the few large areas with largely untouched nature in Europe. The area forms the habitat of the Sami, who have lived nomadically there for millennia. The world heritage includes four national parks and various nature reserves.… Read More »