Agricultural landscape of southern Öland (World Heritage)
About a third of the area of Öland is a World Heritage Site, which honors the tradition and the agricultural use of the island, which is adapted to the special natural geographic framework. Numerous medieval row villages with their old courtyards and walls have been preserved to this day.
Agricultural landscape of southern Öland: facts
Official title: | Agricultural landscape of southern Öland |
Cultural monument: | Old cultural and natural landscape with 5000 years of history, partly with medieval row villages, often with early Gothic courtyards; Buildings mostly built in layers; open heathland “Great Alvar” with karst soils and flora adapted to extreme drought and flooding; partly endemic occurrences such as Öland sunflower or Alvar wormwood; shallow lake areas between the coast and cultivated areas, used as pastureland for millennia; diverse flora including flour primroses and orchids; important resting place for migratory birds, but also for breeding water birds and waders; fenced in with stone walls after being abandoned as a hunting area |
Continent: | Europe |
Country: | Sweden |
Location: | Öland, southeast of Kalmar, off the southeast coast of Sweden |
Appointment: | 2000 |
Meaning: | Unique example of a cultural landscape that is thousands of years old |
Agricultural landscape of southern Öland: history
around 3000 BC Chr. | First verifiable cultivation of Öland |
around 1100-1400 | Establishment of row villages |
1569 | Declaration of Öland to the royal hunting ground by King John III. |
1801 | Abolition of the royal hunting ground; then division of the area |
Great Copper Mountain in Falun (World Heritage)
The historical industrial landscape in Falun emerged in 1288 with the establishment of the mining settlement. Falun was one of the largest copper producers in the world well into the 19th century. After the mine was closed in 1993, it became a mining museum.
Great Mountain of Copper in Falun: Facts
Official title: | Historic industrial landscape “Great Copper Mountain” in Falun |
Cultural monument: | Site of copper ore mining since the 13th century in Falun in the “Great Copper Mountain”; outstanding importance for the economic existence of Sweden in the 16th and 17th centuries; temporary promotion of two thirds of world demand; Mining and copper production as the engine of the country’s development into a major European power; Landscape with around 4,000 aboveground and underground mining sites, open-cast pits with spoil heaps, copper smelters from the 14th century near Hosjö, numerous workshops for copper processing and living quarters for the miners; historical city center of Falun with a network of streets from 1642 |
Continent: | Europe |
Country: | Sweden |
Location: | Falun, northwest of Stockholm |
Appointment: | 2001 |
Meaning: | Unique industrial landscape; outstanding influence on the development of mining worldwide |
Great Copper Mountain in Falun: History
5000 BC Chr. | First settlement in the region |
around 800 | Start of mining in Falun |
1288 | Trade letter, issued by King Magnus Ladulås, as the oldest surviving document about the copper mining in Falun |
1347 | Royal letter of privilege regulating mining, settlement and trade |
1357 | Start of smelting |
1624 | Minting of the first coins on behalf of the state (until 1855) |
1641 | City rights for Falun from Queen Christine |
1662 | Construction of the »Creutz Schacht«, 200 m high wooden wall as the highest wooden structure in the world |
1687 | “Stora Stöten” crater from catastrophic collapse of a mine |
1879 | First attempts with machine-driven drills |
1922 | Opening of the mining museum in the administration building built 1771–85 |
1993 | Last demolition and cessation of mining operations |
Varberg radio station (World Heritage)
According to computerannals, the Grimeton radio station in the municipality of Varberg in southwest Sweden, which went into operation in 1924, documents the history of wireless transatlantic communication. Today Grimeton is the only surviving and functioning long-wave transmitter, the entire ambience of which from the 1920s is completely present.
Varberg radio station: facts
Official title: | Varberg radio station |
Cultural monument: | Grimeton radio station near Varberg with transmission equipment, including six steel towers (each 127 m high) and a housing estate for employees, built in the neoclassical style by Carl Akerblad; Total area of approx. One square kilometer; Alternator as the most important building |
Continent: | Europe |
Country: | Sweden |
Location: | Grimeton, Varberg, southern Sweden |
Appointment: | 2004 |
Meaning: | Early Witness Transatlantic Wireless Communication; The only surviving example of a larger transmission station from the time of pre-electronic technology |
Varberg radio station: history
1825 | Development of wireless telegraphy using radio waves by the Italian Marconi |
1920 | Decision for the construction of a long wave transmitter for telegraphy and a receiving station by the Swedish parliament |
1922-24 | Structure of the radio station |
1.12.1924 | Commissioning of the radio station with the technology developed by Ernst FW Alexanderson |
2.7.1925 | Official inauguration of the radio station by King Gustav V. |
1930 | Conversion from long wave communication to short wave communication |
1999 | Cessation of operations |
Farmhouses in Hälsingland (World Heritage)
The decorative furnishings of the seven houses from the early 18th century represent the wealth of the free farmers.
Farmhouses in Hälsingland: facts
Official title: | Wooden farmhouses in the province of Hälsingland |
Cultural monument: | A total of seven Hälsinge farmhouses in timber construction from the 18th and 19th centuries in central Sweden (a total of approx. 1,000 still existing houses); Symbol for the prosperity of the independent farmers and their increased social status; spacious buildings, furnished inside with a multitude of colorful paintings and wall paintings on wood in the style of a combination of folk art and baroque or rococo; outside decoration by carving |
Continent: | Europe |
Country: | Sweden |
Location: | Stene, Vallsta, Långhed, Letsbo, Asta, Hälsingland province, 200 km north of Stockholm, central Sweden |
Appointment: | 2012 |
Meaning: | Outstanding and artistic evidence of the wealth and prosperity of independent farmers; unique combination of wooden construction with folk art traditions; impressive example of the continuation of a long cultural tradition |